The definition of geothermal comes from the Greek geo, that means earth, and therme, meaning heat, thus geothermal energy is energy produced from the natural heat of the world. The earth’s temperature varies widely, and geothermal energy is usable for many temperatures from room temperature to above 300°F. For commercial use, a geothermal reservoir able to providing hydrothermal (hot water and steam) resources is important.
Geothermal energy is the heat from your Earth. It's clean and sustainable. Resources of geothermal energy add the shallow ground to hot water and hot rock found a couple of miles beneath the Earth's surface, and down even deeper for the extremely high temperatures of molten stone called magma.
Geothermal reservoirs are generally classified to be either low temperature (<150°C) or high temperature (>150°C). Most of the time, the high temperature reservoirs are the people suitable for, and sought out regarding, commercial production of electricity. Geothermal reservoirs are only in “geothermal systems, ” which are regionally localized geologic settings the location where the earth’s naturally occurring heat flow is near enough for the earth’s surface to bring steam or domestic hot water, to the surface. Examples of geothermal systems are the Geysers Region in Northern California, the particular Imperial Valley in Southern California, as well as the Yellowstone Region in Idaho, Montana, and also Wyoming
Almost everywhere, the shallow ground or upper 10 feet with the Earth's surface maintains a nearly continual temperature between 50° and 60°F (10° and also 16°C). Geothermal heat pumps can utilize this resource to heat and great buildings. A geothermal heat pump system is made up of heat pump, an air delivery method (ductwork), and a heat exchanger-a system of pipes buried inside the shallow ground near the building. Inside the winter, the heat pump removes heat from your heat exchanger and pumps it in to the indoor air delivery system. In the summertime, the process is reversed, and the warmth pump moves heat from the indoor air in to the heat exchanger. The heat removed from the indoor air during the summer could also be used to provide a free source of domestic hot water.
In the United States, most geothermal reservoirs of domestic hot water are located in the western declares, Alaska, and Hawaii. Wells can be drilled into underground reservoirs for your generation of electricity. Some geothermal power plants utilize the steam from a reservoir to strength a turbine/generator, while others use the domestic hot water to boil a working fluid that vaporizes and turns a turbine. Hot water near the surface of Earth can be utilized directly for heat. Direct-use applications contain heating buildings, growing plants in greenhouses, blow drying crops, heating water at fish harvesting, and several industrial processes such since pasteurizing milk.
Geothermal energy is a significant resource in volcanically active places for instance Iceland and New Zealand. How useful it?really is depends on how hot the h2o gets. This depends on how hot the rocks were in the first place, and how much water we pump as a result of them.
Water is pumped down a great "injection well", filters through the cracks inside the rocks in the hot region, and comes home up the "recovery well" under strain. It "flashes" into steam when it reaches the outer lining. The steam may be used to operate a vehicle a turbogenerator, or passed through any heat exchanger to heat water to be able to warm houses. A town in Iceland is heated in this way.
The steam must be purified before it really is used to drive a turbine, or the turbine blades are certain to get "furred up" like your kettle and stay ruined.
Hot dry rock resources occur at depths of less than six miles everywhere beneath the Earth's surface and at lesser depths in a few areas. Access to these resources requires injecting cold water down one properly, circulating it through hot fractured stone, and drawing off the heated h2o from another well. Currently, there are no commercial applications with this technology. Existing technology also does not necessarily yet allow recovery of heat immediately from magma, the very deep and a lot powerful resource of geothermal energy.
Geothermal power stations usually are not dissimilar to other steam turbine thermal power stations - heat from your fuel source (in geothermal's circumstance, the earth's core) is utilized to heat water or another working smooth. The working fluid is then utilized to turn a turbine of a power generator, thereby producing electricity. The fluid is then cooled and returned for the heat source.
- Dry steam power plants
Dry steam plants are the most basic and oldest design. They directly use geothermal steam of 150°C or greater to show turbines
- Flash steam power plants
Display steam plants pull deep, high-pressure domestic hot water into lower-pressure tanks and use the resulting flashed steam to operate a vehicle turbines. They require fluid temperatures of no less than 180°C, usually more. This is the most frequent type of plant in operation nowadays
- Binary cycle power plants
Binary cycle power plants are the most up-to-date development, and can accept fluid temperatures only 57°C. The moderately hot geothermal water is passed by way of a secondary fluid with a much reduced boiling point than water. This brings about the secondary fluid to flash vaporize, which in turn drives the turbines. This is the most frequent type of geothermal electricity plant getting constructed today. Both Organic Rankine and Kalina cycles are employed. The thermal efficiency of this type plant is normally about 10-13%.
Resources Posts:
http://www.renewableenergyworld.com/rea/tech/geothermal-energy
http://www.darvill.clara.net/altenerg/geothermal.htm
https://inlportal.inl.gov/portal/server.pt/community/geothermal/422/what_is_geothermal_energy_
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geothermal_electricity
